We’re fairly good at judging people based on first impressions, thin slices of experience ranging from a glimpse of a photo to five-miera, and deliberatio oraneous but intrusive.Iudy of the ability she called“thin slig,” the te psychologist Nalini Ambady asked partits to watch silent 10-sed video clips of professors and to rate the instructor’s overall effectiveheir ratings correted strongly with students’ end-of-semester ratings. Another set of partits had to t backward from 1,000 by nines as they watched the clips, occupying their scious w memory.Their ratings were just as accurate, demonstrating the intuitive nature of the social processing.
翻译:我们非常擅长根据第一印象——从瞥一眼照片到交流五分钟这种经验“薄片”——来评判他人，而深思熟虑不仅没有必要，还会造成干扰。已故心理学家纳里尼。安巴迪在一项她称之为“薄片撷取”能力的研究中，要求参与者观看一些教授的10秒无声视频片段，并对教授的整体教学效果进行评分。他们的评分与学生期末(对这些教授)给出的评分有很强的相关性。另一组参与者在观看视频片段时，必须从1000开始九个数字九个数字地倒数，以此来占用他们有意识的工作记忆。他们的评分也同样准确，这证明了社交信息处理的直觉性。
Critically, anroup was asked to spend a minute writing down reasons for their judgment, befiving the rating.Accuracy dropped dramatically. Ambady suspected that deliberation focused them on vivid but misleading cues, such as certaiures or utterances, rather thaing the plex interpy of subtle signals form a holistic impression.She found simir interference when partits watched 15-sed clips of pairs of people and judged whether they were strangers, friends, or dating partners.
翻译:极为关键的是，另一组参与者被要求在给出平分前花一分钟写下他们的评判理由。(评分的)准确性大幅下降了。安巴迪猜想，深思熟虑使得他们把注意力集中在了生动但具有误导性的提示上，比如特定的手势或表达，而未能让这些微妙信号通过复杂的相互作用形成一个整体印象。当参与者观看15秒的双人视频片段，并判断两人是陌生人、朋友还是约会对象时，安巴迪发现了类似的干扰。
Other research shows we’re better at deteg deception from thin slices when we rely on intuition instead of refle. “It’s as if you’re driving a stick shift,” says Judith Hall, a psychologist at Northeastern Uy, “and if you start thinking about it too much, you ’t remember what you’re doing. But if you go on automatic pilot,you’re fine.Much of our social life is like that.”
翻译:其他研究表明，当我们依靠直觉而不是深思熟虑时，我们更善于从薄片信息中察觉出欺骗。美国东北大学心理学家朱迪斯.霍尔说道:‘这就好像你正在开一辆手动挡汽车，如果你开始反复思考如何挂挡，就会忘记自己在做什么。但如果你不假思索地按习惯操作，就不会有什么问题。我们的大部分社交生活都是如此。
Thinking too much also harm our ability to form preferences.College students’ ratings of strawberry jams and college courses aligned better with experts’ opinions wheudents weren’t asked to analyze their rationale.And people made car-buying decisions that were both objectively better and more personally satisfying when asked to focus on their feelings rather than oails, but only if the decision lex—when they had a lot of information to process.
翻译:思考太多也会损害我们形成偏好的能力。当不要求大学生们分析自己(评分)的原因时，他们对草莓果酱和大学课程的评分与专家意见更一致。在人们被要求专注于自己的感觉而非细节时，他们做出的购车决定更客观，个人满意度也更高，但这只适用于做复杂决定的情况——此时他们有大量的信息需要处理。
Intuition’s special powers are unleashed only iain circumstances.Iudy,partits pleted a battery of eight tasks, including four that tapped reflective thinking (dising rules, prehending vocabury) and four that tapped intuition and creativity (geing new products ures of speech).Then they rated the degree to which they had used intuition (“gut feelings,” “ hunches,” “my heart”).Use of their gut hurt their performan the first four tasks, as expected, and helped them on the rest. Sometimes the heart is smarter than the head.
翻译:直觉的特殊能力只有在特定情况下才会发挥出来。在一项研究中，参与者完成了一组八项任务，包括四项利用了反思性思维(识别规则、理解词汇)的任务，以及四项利用了直觉和创造力(创造新产品或修辞格)的任务。然后，他们对自己利用直觉(“本能”“预感”“我的内心”)的程度进行评分。如预期那样，利用直觉对他们在前四项任务中的表现造成了不良影响，但在剩余四项任务中对他们有所帮助。有时候，感觉比大脑更聪明。
36.Nalini Ambady's study deals with__________.（纳里尼·安巴迪的研究涉及_______.）
A. the power of people's memory
人们记忆的力量
B. the reliability of first impressions
第一印象的可靠性
structor-student iion
师生间的互动
D. people's ability to influehers
人们影响他人的能力
37. In Ambady's study, rating accuracy dropped when partits______（在安巴迪的研究中，当参与者_________时，评分的准确性下降了。）
A. focused on specific details
关注具体细节
B. gave the rating in limited time
在限定时间内给出评分
C. watched shorter video clips
观看更短的视频片段
D. discussed with one another
互相讨论
38.Judith Hall mentions driving to show that_________（茱蒂丝·霍尔提及开车是为了说明——）
A. refle be distrag
深思熟虑会分散注意力
B. memory may be selective
记忆可能是有选择性的
C. social skills must be cultivated
必须培养社交技能
D. deception is difficult to detect
欺骗难以察觉
39. When you are making plex decisions,it is advisable to_________（当你做复杂的决定时，明智的做法是__________）
A. colleough data
收集足够的数据
B. list your preferences
列出自己的偏好
C . seek expert advice
寻求专家的意见
D. follow your feelings
跟随自己的感觉
40.What we learn from the st paragraph?（我们可以从最后一段中了解到什么？）
A. Geing new products takes time.
创造新产品需要时间
B. Intuition may affect reflective tasks.
直觉可能会影响反思性任务
C. Vocabury prehension needs creativity.
词汇理解需要创造力
D. Objective thinking may boost intuitiveness.
客观思考或许会提高直觉