Passage 3
An invisible border divides those arguing for puters in the on the behalf of students’ career prospects and
those arguing for puters in the for broader reasons of radical educational reform. Very few writers on the
subject have explored this distin—iradi—which goes to the heart of what is wrong with the campaign
to put puters in the .
An education that aims at getting a student a certain kind of job is a teical education, justified for reasons radically
different from why education is universally required by w. It is not simply to raise everyone’s job prospects that all children
are legally required to attend school into their teens. Rather, we have a certaiion of the Ameri citizen, a
character who is ie if he ot petently assess how his livelihood and happiness are affected by things outside
of himself. But this was not always the case; before it was legally required for all children to attend school until a certain age,
it was widely accepted that some were just not equipped by nature to pursue this kind of education. With optimism
characteristic of all industrialized tries, we came to accept that everyone is fit to be educated. puter education
advocates forsake this optimistiotion for a pessimism that betrays their otherwise cheery outlook. Banking on the
fusioween educational and vocational reasons fing puters into schools, putered advocates often
emphasize the job prospects of graduates over their educational achievement.
There are some gouments for a teical education given the right kind of student. Many European schools
introduce the cept of professional training early on in order to make sure children are properly equipped for the
professions they want to join. It is, however, presumptuous to insist that there will only be so many jobs for so many
stists, so many businessmen, so many atants. Besides, this is uo produce the needed number of every kind
of professional in a try as rge as ours and where the ey is spread over so many states and involves so many
iional corporations.
But, for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since well developed skills, all other
factors being equal, be the differeween having a job and not. Of course, the basics of using any puter these
days are very simple. It does not take a lifelong acquaintao pick up various srams. If one wao bee
a puter engihat is, of course, airely different story. Basiputer skills take—at the very lo—a couple
of months to learn. In any case, basiputer skills are only plementary to the host of real skills that are necessary to
being any kind of professional. It should be observed, of course, that no school, vocational or not, is helped by a
fusios purpose.
19. The author thinks the present rush to put puters in the is.
［A］ farreag
［B］ dubiously oriented
［C］ selftradictory
［D］ radically reformatory
20. The belief that education is indispensable to all children.
［A］ is indicative of a pessimism in disguise
［B］ came into being along with the arrival of puters
［C］ is deeply rooted in the minds of putered advocates
［D］ inated from the optimistic attitude of industrialized tries
21. It could be inferred from the passage that ihor’s try the European model of professional training is.
［A］ depe up age of didates
［B］ worth trying in various social ses
［C］ of little practical value
［D］ attractive to every kind of professional
22. Acc to the author, basiputer skills should be.
［A］ included as an auxiliary course in school
［B］ highlighted in acquisition of professional qualifications
［C］ mastered through a lifelong course
［D］ equally emphasized by any school, vocational or otherwise
Passage 4
When a Scottish research team startled the world by revealing 3 months ago that it had ed an adult sheep, President
ton moved swiftly. Deg that he posed to using this unusual animal husbandry teique to e humans, he
ordered that federal funds not be used for su experiment—although no one had proposed to do so—and asked an
indepe panel of experts chaired by Prion President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days
with reendations for a national poli human ing. That group—the National Bioethics Advisory ission
(NBAC)—has been w feverishly to put its wisdom on paper, and at a meeting on 17 May, members agreed on a
nearfinal draft of their reendations.
NBAC will ask that ton’s 90day ban on federal funds for human iended indefinitely, and possibly
that it be made w. But NBAC members are pnning to word the reendation narrowly to avoid new restris on
research that involves the ing of human DNA or cells—routine in molecur biology. The panel has not yet reached
agreement on a crucial question, however, whether to reeion that would make it a crime for private funding
to be used for human ing.
In a draft preface to the reendations, discussed at the 17 May meeting, Shapiro suggested that the panel had found
a broad sensus that it would be “morally uable to attempt to create a human child by adult nuclear ing.”
Shapiro expined during the meeting that the moral doubt stems mainly from fears about the risk to the health of the child.
The pahen informally accepted several general clusions, although some details have not beeled.
NBAs to call for a tinued ban on federal gover funding for any attempt to e body cell o
create a child. Because current federal w already forbids the use of federal funds to create embryos (the earliest stage of
human offspring before birth) for research or to knowingly endanger an embryo’s life, NBAC will remain silent on embryo
research.
NBAC members also indicated that they would appeal to privately funded researchers and iot to try to e
humans by body cell ransfer. But they were divided oher to go further by calling for a federal w that would
impose a plete ban on human ing. Shapiro and most members favored an appeal for such legistion, but in a phone
interview, he said this issue was still “up in the air”.
23. We learn from the first paragraph that.
［A］ federal funds have been used in a project to e humans
［B］ the White House resply to the news of ing
［BAC was authorized to trol the misuse of ing teique
［D］ the White House has got the panel’s reendations on ing
24. The panel agreed on all of the following except that.
［A］ the ban on federal funds for human ing should be made a w
［B］ the ing of human DNA is not to be put under more trol
［C］ it is criminal to use private funding for human ing
［D］ it would be agaihical values to e a human being
25. NBAC will leave the issue of embryo researdiscussed because.
［A］ embryo research is just a current development of ing
［B］ the health of the child is not the main of embryo research
［ embryo’s life will not be endangered in embryo research
［D］ the issue is explicitly stated aled in the w
26. It be inferred from the st paragraph that.
［A］ some NBAC members hesitate to ban human ing pletely
［B］ a w banning human ing is to be passed in no time
［C］ privately funded researchers will respond positively to NBAC’s appeal
［D］ the issue of human ing will sootled